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Making the Case in Dollars and Outcomes

April 8, 2025 · Behavior Support
GS
G. Scheibel
Behavior Analyst, Juniper Gardens Children's Project · 5 min read

School leaders approve behavior interventions. To do that well, they need more than efficacy data. They need a business case: what does the current problem cost, what does the intervention cost, and what are the realistic outcomes within a budget cycle? That conversation rarely happens, and it should.

What behavior problems actually cost

Schools rarely track the cost of behavior problems directly, but the components are quantifiable. Office referrals require administrator time. Suspensions require parent contact and documentation. Students with persistent behavioral challenges often trigger special education evaluations that cost $1,500 to $3,000 each. When leaders see the aggregate cost of doing nothing, intervention costs look different.

If you can show a principal that last year's referrals cost 400 hours of administrator time, you've made the case for behavior support better than any outcome study can.

G. Scheibel, Juniper Gardens Children's Project

Building a credible cost model

A practical model tracks four categories: staff time (referrals, parent contacts, documentation), substitutes (for behavior-related staff absences), outside referrals (evaluations, outside services), and lost instructional time for the student and their peers. Schools do not need perfect data for every line. A reasonable estimate documented clearly is more persuasive than a gap in the conversation. Start with what you can count.

$2,400
Average cost per special education evaluation (published range)
40%
Administrator time spent on behavior issues in schools without PBIS (published estimate)
60%
Reduction in classroom disruptions with CW-FIT in peer-reviewed research

Common questions

How precise does the cost data need to be?
Good enough to bracket the problem. If administrator time is likely between 300 and 500 hours per year, put that in the model. Precision matters less than showing you have done the analysis. A documented estimate with clear assumptions is more credible than a round number with no sourcing.
Who should build the business case?+
What if the data shows the intervention costs more than the current problem?+

Sources

  1. Scheibel, G., & Bradshaw, C. (2023). Estimating the financial cost of untreated behavioral challenges in K–12 settings. Preventing School Failure. View study →
  2. Horner, R. H., & Sugai, G. (2022). PBIS as a school-wide cost-benefit initiative. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions.

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